春節的來歷和習俗英文
春節節日的起源與上古原始信仰、祭祀以及天象、曆法等人文與自然文化內容有關。古老傳統節日多數形成於古人擇吉日祭祀，以謝天地神靈、祖先恩德的活動。下面是關於春節的來歷和習俗英文的內容，歡迎閱讀！
The origin of Spring Festival春節的來歷
Spring Festival is the most important holiday for Chinese people. Excitement and happiness are palpable this time of the year， and they reach the peak on lunar new year‘s eve.
春節對於中國人來說是最重要的節日。在每年的春節都讓人興高采烈，尤其是大年三十那晚，更是達到了高潮。
Though the 15-day period， which starts with the first day of the lunar new year and ends on the 15th day (known as Lantern Festival)， is relatively long， it is the busiest time of the year for Chinese people. The arrangements they have to make for family reunions， buying necessities and preparing food keeps them busy throughout the holiday. Many of them travel back home and meet friends over dinner and drinks. The celebrations include decorating the house and setting off fireworks.
春節歷時15天，也就從大年初一開始，到元月十五元宵節結束。這段比較長的時間是中國人最忙的時候。他們爲家庭聚會作安排，採購年貨，準備豐盛的食物，以至於整個春節假期都忙忙碌碌的.。許多人在春季期間都要回老家過年，跟朋友碰碰頭，聚個餐。慶祝春節也包括大掃除和放煙火。
But we are talking about a tradition that seems to be fading.
但是我們現在要談的是越來越淡的年味。
Spring Festival， as it is celebrated today， has undergone many changes， thanks to the country‘s economic development and globalization.
現在的春節已經因爲我國經濟的發展和全球化的影響而改變了很多。
Yet no Spring Festival is complete without food. People could not get good food whenever they desired in earlier times， something that does not apply to society today. More often than not， people faced the risk of famine. The best time for people to celebrate was when food was available in plenty， and that was possible in spring， or the beginning of the lunar new year. That was the main reason why Spring Festival acquired such great importance among Chinese people.
但是沒有哪個春節是完全離得開“吃”的。從前，不論人們提前多久想要買年貨，總是不能如願，而現在早已今非昔比。過去常常還要鬧饑荒。人們最好的慶祝時間就是他們能得到食物豐盛的時候，也就是春天或是元月初的那段時間。那也是爲什麼春節對於中國人如此重要的主要原因。
But three decades of economic growth has ensured that people in China， except for those who are still poor， can enjoy a good meal whenever they want. Such has been the change in people‘s fortune that some have to be treated for obesity and other health problems associated with excessive eating.
但是三十年來的經濟發展已經讓中國人，除了那些仍然窮苦的人以外，隨時都能享受美食。這得益於人民財富的增長，但是後者也導致一些人吃得太多而受到肥胖威脅和健康問題。
In the past， celebrations were limited to events like song-and-dance duets in North China， dragon/lion dances in South China and fireworks， which required the joint efforts of the entire community. But economic development and urbanization seems to have weakened the social links among people. Many， especially those living in cities， are not interested in celebrating the festival with people they hardly know.
在過去，慶祝春節還只停留在北方的二人轉和南方的舞龍舞獅等形式。那些慶祝活動往往需要許多人合力才能辦得起來。但是經濟的發展和國際化程度的提升似乎已經將這種社會聯繫弱化了。許多人，特別是城市居民，不太願意與不相識的人一起共度春節。
Many customs associated with Spring Festival have changed， too. In the past， people used to visit relatives and friends with gifts and lots of good wishes. Today， many people， especially the youth， use their cell phones or the Internet to send their good wishes and even "gifts" to their relatives and friends. Some may say this a sign that people have become less caring about their near and dear ones， but we should see this development as a time- and energy-saving exercise granted by the information age.
與春節相關的許多習俗也被改變了。在過去，人們常常會帶着禮物走親訪友，互道祝福。今天許多人，特別是年輕人，用手機或是網絡向親朋好友發去“禮物”和祝福。有些人或許會說，這說明人們已經沒有那麼關心至愛親朋了，但是我們應該把這種變化看作信息化時代省錢省力的好辦法。
In recent times， many people have started praying for a career promotion or more money instead of invoking God or the Buddha for a healthy and long life and the welfare of their family. But the number of such people is decreasing now， which shows that people are becoming more reasonable.
最近幾年，許多人開始祈禱事業高升，財源滾滾，而不是求神拜佛，他們身體健康，長命百歲，家庭美滿。但是這樣的人數現在正在減少，說明人們開始變得更加理性。
Customs of the Spring Festival春節習俗
The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival and also the most important one of the whole year. Through the evolvement of thousands of years， a series of customs are spreading far and wide.
掃塵 Sweeping the Dust
“Dust” is homophonic with "chen”(塵)in Chinese， which means old and past. In this way， "sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life. In a word， just before the Spring Festival comes， every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new.
貼春聯 Pasting Spring Couplets
“The Spring Couplet”， also called "couplet” and "a pair of antithetical phrases”， is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription， usually an auspicious phrase， above the gate. The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet and the one on the left the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival， every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival. In the past， the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do for them， while nowadays， it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.
貼窗花和“福”字 Pasting Paper-cuts and "Up-sided Fu”
Paper-cuts， usually with auspicious patterns， give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival and express the good wishes of Chinese people looking forward to a good life. In addition to pasting paper-cuts on windows， it is common for Chinese to paste the character "fu(福)”， big and small， on walls， doors and doorposts around the houses. "Fu(福)” shows people’s yearning toward a good life. Some people even invert the character "fu(福)” to signify that blessing has arrived because "inverted” is a homonym for "arrive” in Chinese. Now many kinds of paper-cuts and "fu(福)” can be seen in the market before the Festival.
守歲 Staying Up Late on New Year‘s Eve
The tradition of staying up late to see New Year in originated from an interesting folk tale. In ancient China there lived a monster named Year， who was very ferocious. Year always went out from its burrow on New Year’s Eve to devour people. Therefore， on every New Year’s Eve， every household would have supper together. After dinner， no one dared go to sleep and all the family members would sit together， chatting and emboldening each other. Gradually the habit of staying up late on New Year’s Eve is formed. Thus in China， "celebrating the Spring Festival” is also called "passing over the year (guo nian)”。 However， now there are less and less people in cities who will stay up late to see New Year in.
貼年畫 Pasting New Year Prints
The custom of pasting New Year Prints originated from the tradition of placing Door Gods on the external doors of houses. With the creation of board carvings， New Year paintings cover a wide range of subjects. The most famous ones are Door Gods， Surplus Year after Year， Three Gods of Blessing， Salary and Longevity， An Abundant Harvest of Crops， Thriving Domestic Animals and Celebrating Spring. Four producing areas of New Year Print are Tɑohuɑwu of Suzhou， Yɑngliuqing of Tianjin， Wuqiɑng of Hebei and Weifang of Shangdong. Now the tradition of pasting New Year paintings is still kept in rural China， while it is seldom followed in cities.
吃餃子 Having Jiaozi
On New Year’s Eve， the whole family will sit together to make jiaozi and celebrate the Spring Festival. The shape of jiaozi is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure. The tradition of having jiaozi is very important during the Spring Festival. You cannot have a complete Spring Festival without having jiaozi. (See page 82 for more information about "jiaozi”)
看春節聯歡晚會 The CCTV New Year‘s Gala
The New Year’s Gala is a variety show held by China Central Television (CCTV) since 1983. For every year since then at the turn of the Lunar New Year， the program begins at 8:00PM and lasts five or six hours. It brings laughter to billions of people， creates many popular words and produces lots of TV phenomena meriting attention. For over twenty years， its value has gone far beyond a variety show. It is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. Many Chinese would like to watch the gala while having the dinner on New Year’s Eve.
放鞭炮 Setting off Firecrackers
The firecracker is a unique product in China. In ancient China， the sound of burning bamboo tubes was used to scare away wild animals and evil spirits. With the invention of the gunpowder， "firecracker” is also called "鞭炮biānpào” (“炮” in Chinese means gun) and used to foster a joyful atmosphere. The first thing every Chinese household does is to set off firecrackers and fireworks， which are meant to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new. In the past few years， such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities including Beijing due to fire and personal casualty caused by burning firecrackers. However， some Chinese thought that a Spring Festival without firecrackers was not lively enough and they burned firecrackers by stealth. So in recent years， the ban was canceled again. This shows that burning firecrackers is a very important activity during the Spring Festival.
拜年和壓歲錢 New Year‘s Visit and Gift Money
On the first day of the Chinese lunar year， everybody puts on their best clothes and pays ceremonial calls on their relatives and friends， wishing them all the luck in the coming year. Juniors will greet seniors， wishing them health and longevity， while seniors will give juniors some gift money as a wish for their safety in the coming year. When friends meet， they will wish each other happiness and prosperity with a big smile. With the development of the new technology， there is a change on the way of giving New Years greetings. In recent year， it is common to send New Years greetings by such modern means of communication as telephones， emails and text messages.
逛廟會 Temple Fair
Temple fair， usually held outside temples， is a kind of folk custom in China. During the Spring Festival， temple fair is one of the most important activities， in which there are such performances as acrobatics and Wushu， numerous kinds of local snacks and many kinds of things for everyday life. In recent years， the temple fair has become a place for people to appreciate the traditional art and experience the traditional life.
祝福語Festival Greetings
Traditional Festival Greetings:
恭賀新禧 | Happy New Year
吉祥如意 | Everything Goes Well
恭喜發財 | Wishing You Prosperity
年年有餘 | Surplus Year after Year
歲歲平安 | Peace All Year Round
新春大吉 | Good Luck in the New Year
In the past two years， it has become a vogue for relatives and friends to send short messages to greet each other during the Spring Festival. With best wishes， the warm greetings of text messages give a happy and joyful atmosphere of the Festival.
Festival Greetings via Text Message
① 送你一件外套，前面是平安，後面是幸福，領子是吉祥，袖子是如意，釦子是快樂，口袋裏滿是溫暖，穿上吧，讓它伴你每一天!新春快樂!
I will give you a coat as a present. The front is safety， the back happiness， the collar auspiciousness， the sleeves satisfaction， the buttons enjoyment and the pockets warmness. Wear every day. Wish you a happy New Year.
② 新年到了，不打算送給你太多，只給你五千萬：千萬要快樂!千萬要健康!千萬要平安!千萬要知足!千萬不要忘記我!
As the New Year comes， I will only give you five "do’s” as a present. Do be merry! Do be healthy! Do be safe! Do be satisfied! Do remember me!
