簡單定語從句句子
導語：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。以下小編爲大家介紹簡單定語從句句子文章，歡迎大家閱讀參考!
（一）定語從句的結構：在複合句中，修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子（做這個名詞或代詞的定語）叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞後面，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞，它與定語從句之間要有一個詞連接，這個詞指代先行詞的內容叫做關係詞（關係代詞或關係副詞：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行詞在定語從句中充當主語，賓語，時間，地點，原因狀語。 結構：先行詞+關係詞+定語從句。 1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. 2. InJapan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. 3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme. 4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters ofAsia. 5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. 6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.
（二）定語從句分爲限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句： 限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。 非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明，解釋，它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。 1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying. 4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.
（三）關係詞前面可以根據定語從句的內容加上一些介詞，這些關係詞在介詞後面常用which 或whom. 1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company. 2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
知識重點與難點
（一）當先行詞有最高級，序數詞修飾，是不定代詞，或是all, no, only等形式時，關係代詞一般用that，而不能用which。 1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time. 2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.
（二）當先行詞是表示時間，地點，原因的詞時，關係詞用when, where, why 還有which, that 1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years. 2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you. 3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me. 4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.
（三）定語從句的簡化表達：
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor fromWuhanUniversity.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45. 說明：以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達出來： 1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor fromWuhanUniversity. 2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. 3. The question being discussed is very important. 4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45. 說明：修飾一個名詞除了後面用定語從句以外，還可以用非謂語動詞形式：doing短語，done短語，being done短語，to be done短語修飾。其結構和意思如下： 1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語： 正在做….的人/正在發生的事。
2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語： 被…..的人/事
3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語：正在被…..的人/事
4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語：將要被…..的人/事 （1）Do you know the man talking to my sister ? （2）The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil. （3）Did you see that car being repaired ? （4）In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed. （5）The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow. （6）Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China. （7）The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon. 總結：以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞，不定式的各種形式作定語。 1. 這些短語作定語應放在被修飾名詞的後面。如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語，則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。 2. 分詞作定語時，其動作應與全句動作同時發生。V-ing表示主動意義和正在做，V-ed表示被動意義。being done表示正在被做的 3. 不定式作定語表示將要發生的，to be done表示將要被做的
【典型例題】
[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.
A. which B. that C. who D. it
分析：_____ plays an important role in people’s lives爲非限定性定語從句修飾先行詞Friendship用which連接定語從句。
答案：A
[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.
A. who B. whom C. with whom D. to whom
分析：_____ I worked three years ago作爲定語從句修飾先行詞Uncle Li，從句完整的表達是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以關係詞前應加上介詞with。
答案：C
[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
分析：定語從句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修飾先行詞the reason指“他在會上就他工作中的粗心解釋的原因。先行詞在從句中做賓語。
答案：A
[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
分析：非限定性定語從句_____ work is rather hard修飾先行詞teachers, 它與從句中的work是從屬關係，關係詞用whose 答案：D
[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 分析：公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運會，直到1912年才容納女運動員。_____in 776 BC做定語修飾The Olympic Games，指過去的內容，表示被動。用done做定語。 答案：C
[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon. A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built 分析：根據句意房子即將開工。_____ for the teachers and the construction work修飾The houses應爲The houses The houses將要爲教師和施工修建的房子。 答案：B
[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion? A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended 分析：根據句意：比如說，我們當中參加一個對我們毫不重要的會議的人會有多少人對這個討論感興趣呢？_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修飾How many of us做定語。與全句動作同步. 答案：B
[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia. A. who B. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them 分析：非限定性定語從句__ is working in Australia修飾先行詞three children，根據從句中的is判斷，是說：三個孩子中的一個在澳大利亞工作。 答案：B
【模擬試題】
1. Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.
A. whom I think did B. whom I think she did
C. who I think did D. I think who did
2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.
A. by which B. on which C. with which D. for which
3. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.
A. where B. which C. to which D. on which
4. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.
A. when B. in that C. which D. in which
5. 1. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance. A. being discussed B. discussed C. to be discussed D. to discuss 6. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party. A. cooked B. to be cooked C. is being cooked D. being cooked 7. Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ? A. read B. reads C. reading D. being read
【試題答案】 1. C Susan 正是我認爲作了好事的那位女孩。先行詞the very girl在從句中做think的賓語，同時又是後面賓語從句did the good deed.的主語，所以關係詞不能用whom
2. C 定語從句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修飾先行詞money：用這筆錢買火車票。關係詞前面需要加介詞：with
3. C定語從句_____ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的時間都投入在這本書上了。devote… sth.關係詞前加介詞：to
4. A 定語從句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修飾先行詞the day ：先行詞the day在從句中做時間狀語：在這一天我得到了扮演一個角色的機會。
5. C 短語_____ tomorrow做定語修飾the question，根據表達的內容：明天即將被討論的問題。應當用不定式的被動結構做定語。 6. D 短語_____ at the moment做the food的定語,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定語表示：正在被……的……。 7. C 現在分詞短語reading under the big tree做定語修飾the teacher 表示：正在大樹下看書的那位老師。
情態動詞
1. 情態動詞的推測表達 2. 情態動詞表達虛擬語氣 3. 某些情態動詞的特殊用法
知識重點與難點總結
知識重點： 情態動詞在表達推測意義的句子中的運用： （一）用情態動詞表達事實的推測。can，could，might，may，must可以用來表達對事實的推測。根據說話人對事實的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may / might / can / could表示“可能……”， must只用於肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 “可能不……”, 而can / could可以用於疑問句，表示“可能，可能……嗎?”，其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”。用情態動詞可以對現在或過去的事實進行推測。對不同的時間內容推測有不同的結構。
（二）對現在的事實進行推測： 主要結構：…must / may / might +動詞原形 be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語 be + doing例句： 1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. 2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night. 3. The teacher must be joking. 4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick. 5. There must be something wrong. 6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense. 7. He may be arriving this evening. 8. He may be traveling around the world. 9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully. 10. Can the news be true ?
（三）對過去的事實進行推測：結構：情態動詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語例句： 1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth. 2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad. 3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library. 4. He might have overslept again. 5. Where can Tom have gone ? 情態動詞表達虛擬語氣：表達“本來…”，“不然早就…”。這是情態動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發生的事實相反。表達了說話人的埋怨，後悔的語氣。其結構是在一些情態動詞後面加 have done 結構。根據要表達的意思，有如下結構： should have done / ought to have done：本應該…… shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done：本不該…… could have done：本來可以…… needn’t have done：本來沒必要…… would like to have done：本來很想…… would rather not have done: 本來不願意…… could / might / have done: 不然早就……例句： 1. You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes. 2. You could have told us earlier. 3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week. 4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels. 5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train. 6. They would like to have seen that film last film. 7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him. 8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.
知識難點： 某些情態動詞的特殊用法： need 和dare 的兩種形式的用法
need 和dare可以用做實義動詞，後面接不定式（to do）結構，在疑問句和否定句中，加助動詞do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作爲情態動詞使用時，主要用於疑問句和否定句中。情態動詞needn’t（沒有必要，不必）相當於don’t have to例句： 1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes. 2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn’t. 3. How dare you speak to parents like that ? 注意： 句型I dare say+從句。 意思是：我肯定…… = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+從句。例句： I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die. will和would
表示“意志”或“願意”，would 則指過去願意做……例句： 1. He said that he would help us. 2. You may telephone if you will accept this job. would可以表達“過去習慣做……”類似於“used to do”例句： 1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river. 表示請求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ? shall
1. 用於第一，三人稱，表示“請求”；“建議” 或“推薦”例句： 1. Shall we start the meeting now? 2. Shall I watch TV now ? 3. Shall my son carry the case for you ? 2. 用於第二人稱，表示“命令，“要求”，“許諾”例句： 1. You shall take whatever you like. 2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again. 在表示推測的否定句或疑問句中，常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能…嗎?”；“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等詞。
【典型例題】
1. —Do you think he will do me a favor ? —As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though. A. might B. must C. can D. should 分析：本題考查情態動詞推測性用法。 根據he is the last one to help others.（他是最不可能幫助別人的人），既然如此，那麼“幫助你”的可能性也就最小了。 答案爲A 2. —Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be ? —I think it ___ be Tom. —I don’t think it ___ be ____ . A. can ; must ; can ; he B. may ; can ; must ; him C. must ; can ; must ; his D. might ; must ; can ; himself 分析：根據備選答案。 can表示推測時用於疑問句或否定句中。本題首句就應該是Guess who can it be? 第二句應該是I think it must be Tom.（說話人十分肯定）。第三句表達了說話人對前一個人的否定。即：I don’t think it can be him/he.（不可能是他）。答案爲A 3. —Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ? —Sure. She ____ around the campus now. A. must be walking B. must walk C. may walk D. may be walking 分析：關鍵詞Sure告訴我們說話人的口氣十分肯定。根據句子語境：她此刻肯定正在校園散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案爲A 4. —I stayed at a hotel in New York. —Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would say D. must have stayed 分析：首句說：我在紐約住在一家賓館裏。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D選項不合題意。第二句在說：你本來可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示：本來可以。答案爲A 5. Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _____ all the way here through the heavy snow. A. needn’t have driven B. can’t have driven C. mustn’t have driven D. shouldn’t have driven 分析：根據句意：你爲什麼不告訴我今天沒有會？我本來沒必要冒着大雪開車跑這麼多路。Needn’t have done表示本來沒必要。答案爲A 6. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 分析：根據句意：我真的很擔心你，你真不應該一句話都不說就離開家。“離開家”已經發生了。Should have done正好表達了本句的意思。答案爲B 7. A：Are you coming to Jeff’s party ? B：I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 分析：根據B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去聽音樂會。Might表示推測：可能。答案爲D 8. A：I promise that she ____ get a nice present on her birthday. B：Will it be a big surprise to her ? A. should B. must C. would D. shall 分析：A說：“我答應她在生日聚會上她會得到一份生日禮物。shall表示許諾。答案爲D
【模擬試題】
1. A：Is John coming by train ? B：He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 2. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 3. Sorry, I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 4. You _____ be tired—You’ve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not 5. —I didn’t go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down. —You _____ mine. I wasn’t using it. A. might borrow B. could have borrowed C. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow 6. —A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband. —It _____ her husband. He has been dead for ages. A. mustn’t be B. couldn’t have been C. may not have been D. mustn’t have been
【試題答案】
1. 分析：根據B的回答“他應該（坐火車來），但是也不一定，他喜歡開自己的車。本題考查了情態動詞的推測用法。may表示不十分有把握的推測。答案爲D 2. 分析：根據句意：White先生本應該在8:30到這裏出席會議的，可他（在8:30）沒有到場。Should have done表示：本應該。答案爲A 3. 分析：本句是說話人在解釋遲到的原因：我或許是關掉鬧鐘又睡了。might have done 表示對過去的推測：可能已經……答案爲A 4. 分析：根據後半句You’ve only been working for an hour.（你纔剛幹了一個小時）說明 You _____ be tired（你不可能很累），can’t 表示“不可能”答案爲C
5. 分析：聽到對方說“昨天車壞了而沒去上班”，第二個人說“你本來可以借我的車去 上班。” 本來可以/能：could have done. 答案爲B 6. 分析：第二個人是說：那個人不可能是她丈夫，因爲她丈夫已經去世多年了。根據對 話的語境，是在談論過去的事，表示過去不可能：could not have done 答案爲：B
與it有關的主要句型
it強調句型
知識總結歸納：
（一）it用做形式主語或形式賓語：根據句子結構的需要，it用做形式主語或形式賓語，而真正的主語或賓語（to do 短語，doing短語，名詞性從句）則放在句尾。
主要句型：
It’s +形容詞/名詞+連詞+名詞性從句
to do sth.
doing sth.
find / make / think / feel it +形容詞/名詞+連詞+名詞性從句
to do sth.
doing sth.
例句：
1. It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English .
2. It’s usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs .
3. It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.
4. It’s no use going there so early.
5. Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice.
6. Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming ?
7. We found it strange that no one would take the money.
（二）其他句型
1. It takes+時間段+sb.+ to do sth.
2. 表示“據說，據報道，/人們認爲/相信/建議等
It’s said that…….
It’s reported that ……
It’s believed/thought/suggested that……
例句：
1. It generally takes time to reach this point—being on the same wavelength .
2. It is believed that the two children went off exploring（探險）on their own and get stuck on the cliff .
3. It’s suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem .
4. It was once predicted（預測）that British and American English would become separate languages finally .
（三）it在強調句型中：在英語中，爲了突出強調句子的某一個成分（謂語除外），達到強調或使聽話人特別注意這一部分的目的。便形成了一種強調句型。
It is / was+被強調的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。
It is / was not until+時間+that+句子的其他部分。
例句：
1. I saw John on my way to school this morning.
It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning.
It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.
It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.
2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.
3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.
4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much .
5. It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so .
知識難點：
（一）注意強調句型的變形，即以一般疑問句或特殊疑問句的形式出現的強調句型。
1. What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom ?
2. Where was it that you met the foreign guests fromAustralia?
3. I can’t quite remember when it was that we married.
4. Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave?
（二）是強調句型還是that主語從句或其他複合句
1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
2. It is these poisonous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
3. It was almost ten o’clock when our soldiers came back from the front.
4. Was it in this place that the last king died ?
（三）注意強調句型中被強調部分帶有定語從句
Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Captain Johnson that Peter lost his life.
【典型例題】
一. 單項選擇：
1. I don’t think possible to master a foreign language without much memory.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
分析：本題考查it做形式賓語的句型。“我認爲沒有大量的記憶掌握一門外語是不可能的。”故選擇D
2. Does matter if he can’t finish the job on time ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
分析：本題考查it做形式主語的句型：如果他沒能按時完成工作的話，這很要緊嗎？故選擇D
3. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
分析：本題考查it的代詞用法。It指上一句的內容：Tom的母親始終告訴他應該努力學習。 故選擇D
4. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
分析：本題考查it做形式主語的句型：英語正在作爲一種國際性語言被接受是一個事實。選擇D
5. It was in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father ___he spent his childhood.
A. which ; that B. that ; where
C. which ; which D. that ; which
分析：本題考查帶有定語從句的強調句型用法。句中：“___ was built with stones by his father的定語從句。被強調的部分是in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father。根據句意：他正是在他父親用石頭蓋的房子裏度過了他的童年。故選擇A
二. 單句改錯：
1. That is said that this novel has been translated into several languages.
分析：根據句意：據說這部小說已經被譯成多種語言。表示據說，應當說：It is said that…。That改爲：It
2. Is this your turn to clean the blackboard ?
分析：根據句意：該輪到你擦黑板了吧？ 輪到某人做某事：It is one’s turn to do… 改爲：it
3. It is known to everyone, the moon travels around the earth once every month.
分析：表示“衆所周知”可以說：It is known to everyone that+陳述句。或：As is known to everyone，+陳述句。It 改爲：As, 或去掉“，”加連詞that
4. The official made this clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.
分析：根據句意：這位官員宣佈將盡一切力量解決這個問題。固定結構應當是：make it clear that+陳述句。It在此是形式賓語。This改爲：it
5. It was in the park where the old couple told me their love story.
分析：根據句意可以知道本句用了強調句型，強調地點：in the park 所以按照強調句型的結構where改爲：that
6. Although we can’t see them, there is air around us.
分析：句中的代詞them根據句意應當指代後面的air，但air是不可數名詞，因此them改爲：it
三. 翻譯句子：
1. 直到星期三我纔給辦公室去電話。
分析：表達“直到……才……”可以用not…until…引導的時間狀語從句；也用強調句型；或倒裝句。
翻譯：
（1）I didn’t telephone the office until Wednesday.
（2）It was not until Wednesday that I telephoned the office.
（3）Not until Wednesday did I telephone the office.
2. 只有當我們看不清楚的'時候，我們才意識到我們眼睛的重要性。
分析：本句可以用強調句表達，也可以用倒裝句：
翻譯：
（1）It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.
（2）Only when we cannot see perfectly do we realize how important our eyes are.
3. It was in surgery that the results of that discovery were obtained, and it was there that the battle between the new idea and the old prejudices was fought out most dramatically.
翻譯：那些發現的成果是在外科醫學中獲得的，也正是在那裏，新思想與舊偏見用最富有戲劇性的方式展開了戰鬥。
【模擬試題】
一. 單項選擇：
1. Nobody thinks very polite to be always cutting in when another person is talking.
A. that B. this C. it D. there
2. I was disappointed with the film, I had expected to be much better.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
3. He tore up my photo and upset me.
A. this B. it C. which D. what
4. It was with great courage the boy told the truth he had stolen the money.
A. which ; that B. when ; what
C. as ; that D. that ; that
5. When I try to find that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two main causes.
A. what it does B. what it is
C. why it does D. why it is
yis expecting another baby and hopes will be a boy.
A. he B. that C. it D. there
二. 句型轉換：
將下列陳述句按劃線的內容變爲強調句。
1. The children often help their parents do the farm work.
2. In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.
3. The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.
4. Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.
三. 閱讀理解：
A It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures（手勢）. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In theUnited States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats ofGreeceandTurkey, it means “no”. In the southeast ofAsia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.
Today in theUSA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, inGreeceit is bad. Also putting your clasped（緊握的）hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. InRussiait is the sign of friendship.
In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger（食指）, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.
1. Which of the following is true?
A. People all over the world only communicate by words.
B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.
C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.
D. People can talk about anything in another country.
2. InGreecenodding your head means “_________.”
A. Yes. B. No
C. I heard you D. I am the winner
3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.
A. Greece B. theUSA C. England a
4. What does this sentence mean “… action can speak louder than your words” ?
A. What you do is better than what you say.
B. You try your best to be polite.
C. You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D. What you say is better than what you do.
5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.
A. it is important to know the language.
B is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.
C. to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.
D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.
B
“In the old days,” as one wife said. “ The husband was the husband and the wife was the wife.” In the past husbands each had their own way of going on. The wives’ jobs were to look after them.
“The wives wouldn’t stand for it nowadays. Husbands help with the children now. They stay more, as well as have more interest, at home.” We shall give some examples of what husbands do, firstly in sharing work with their wives; and secondly, in their largely independent domain（領域）of house repairs.
“Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals, and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day.” Mr. Hammond washes up the dishes every night and lays the breakfast for the morning. Mr. Clark said that on Sunday mornings he usually hovered（吸塵）around and read plays aloud for his wife while she did a bit of washing. Mr. Davis polishes the floors and helps to make the beds at weekend, and during weekdays, takes the dog out for one of his twice-daily walks. So it goes on….
1. The expression “act as assistants to their wives” means that ____.
A. husbands read plays aloud.
B. husbands are paid by their wives.
C. husbands help their wives.
D. husbands look after their sick children.
2. the meaning of the wife’s words at the beginning of the passage were that ____.
A. in the past men stayed at home all day.
B. in the past there was a clear division of role in the family.
C. in the past most boys and girls were married at an early age.
D. in the past wives and husbands lived separately.
3. What does Mr. Davis do at weekends ?
A. He cleans the floors and makes the beds.
B. He reads plays aloud and does the weekly shopping.
C. He cooks food for his wife.
D. He takes the dog out for a walk.
4. In the past, the woman’s main job was to ___.
A. take the children to school.
B. take care of their husband.
C. do the washing up.
D. dig the garden.
5. The passage is mainly about____.
A. the division of husbands, wives and children.
B. how to get on well between husbands and wives.
C. the relationship between husband, wives and children.
D. the relationship between husband and wives today.
【試題答案】
一. 單項選擇：
1. C，it在句中做形式賓語。句型爲think it +形容詞+to do something
2. D，it在句中作爲代詞指代前面說的film
3. B，it作爲代詞指代前面He tore up my photo這件事。
4. D，這是一個帶有同位語從句的強調句，“這個男孩懷着極大的勇氣說出了他偷東西的真相。he had stolen the money.做the truth的同位語從句，用that引導。
5. B，這是一個強調句的變形，強調句變成了特殊疑問句又做find的賓語從句，what是被強調的內容。根據句義：我在努力發現到底是什麼阻止了這麼多人蔘加這個項目。
6. C，Nancy很快又要有一個孩子了，她希望這是個男孩。指代baby用代詞it
二. 句型轉換：
1. It is the children that often help their parents do the farm work.
2. It was In 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.
3. It is the shortage of arable land that the biggest problem of Chinese farmers is
4. It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.
三. 閱讀理解：
A
答案與分析：
1. B 細節判斷題，根據第一段However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知：許多手勢在某些地區要麼有着不同的含義要麼根本就沒有任何意義。
2. B 根據第二段內容可以得知點頭在希臘某些地區的含義。
3. A 根據第三段：Today in theUSA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.可以得知樹大拇指在希臘的含義不同於在美國。它是“不好”的表示，不應使用。C，D兩項文章沒有涉及。
4. C 語句理解。根據第一段內容：人們在國外與人交流要麼懂得外語，要麼學會使用手勢交流。所以說“通過手勢動作比通過語言能更好地被人理解。
5. C 考查文章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了文章的主題。
B
答案與分析：
1. C，根據第三段：“Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals, and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day.” 可以得知丈夫在也幫助他們的妻子。
2. B，根據第一段可以知道：在過去，在家庭中夫妻各有分工，充當各自的角色。
3. A，根據最後一段：Mr. Davis polishes the floors and helps to make the beds at weekend, and during weekdays, takes the dog out for one of his twice-daily walks.可以得出結論。
4. B，根據第一段：The wives’ jobs were to look after them.可以知道過去妻子的任務。
5. D，考查文章的主旨：從全文內容上看，文章講述了夫妻在家中的關係。
主謂一致
知識總結歸納
（一）概述： 主語與謂語的一致：在英語表達中，謂語動詞的形式要和主語的人稱和數保持一致。主要體現在be動詞，助動詞do, have 以及一般現在時態中的動詞形式。
謂語動詞與主語保持一致的基本原則：語法一致，就近一致和意義一致。
名詞或代詞做主語有人稱和單，複數之分，動詞的單數就是第三人稱單數形式，而動詞的複數形式即動詞的原形。
例句：
1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen. 2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it. 3. John gets up at six o’clock every morning. 4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ? 5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
（二）語法一致： 1. 由and連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語： （1）這部分主語表示的是兩個人或兩件不同的事物，謂語動詞用複數形式。例句： ① My brother and I have both seen that film. ② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. ③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting. ④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s. （2）這部分主語表示具有兩個身份或性質的同一個人或一個完整的事物，謂語動詞用單數形式。例句： ① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. ② War and peace is a constant theme in history. ③ One more knife and fork is needed. ④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life. ⑤ Law and order has been established. ⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food. ⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food. ⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.（3）這部分主語前面有each, every, many a, no 等修飾時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。例句： ① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt. ② No sound and no voice is heard. ③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. ④ Every minute and every second is precious. 2. 動名詞，不定式，主語從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。例句： ① Reading is a great pleasure in life. ② To live means to create. ③ That we need more time is obvious. ④ What is needed is food and medicine. 3. 表示時間，金錢，距離，重量的複數名詞表示數量做主語時，被視爲一個整體，謂語動詞用單數形式。例句： ① Three thousand miles is a long distance. ② Eight hours of sleep is enough. 4. 不定代詞anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。例句： ① Is anybody going to tell him the news ? ② Someone wants to see you.
（三）就近原則 由連詞or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語時，謂語動詞和離它最近的哪個名詞或代詞的人稱和數一致。例句： 1. Either you or Jean is to be sent toNew Zealand. 2. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies. 3. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey toBeijingowing to the bad weather. 4. George or Tom is wanted. 注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它後面的第一個名詞的數決定。例句： 1. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today. 2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. 3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you. 名詞後面帶有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短語共同做主語時，謂語動詞與這些短語前面的那個名詞的數一致。例句： 1. All but one were here just now. 2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift. 3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. 4. You as well as I are wrong.
（四）意義一致 1. 代詞none, neither, all的不可數形式還是複數形式由它們指的內容決定例句： （1）All hope has gone. （2）All are agreed on this point. （3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none. （4）None has returned from the meeting. 2. 集合名詞group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名詞的單，複數形式根據它們強調的內容而定。例句： （1）The class were all cheerful. （2）The team were taking over some new plays. （3）The group are reading the newspapers. （4）The army is going to remain in this town. （5）The army have rescued the travelers. 3. 限定詞短語all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分數/百分數+of ….修飾名詞構成的名詞短語做主語時，謂語動詞的形式由of 後面的名詞形式決定。例句： （1）None of these suggestions are very helpful. （2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow. （3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.
難點突破
1. 主謂一致的考查主要體現在單項選擇和短文改錯兩個題型中。同學們在練習和應試時，遇到這樣的題時，要牢記主謂一致的三個基本原則。一定要根據句子內容抓住關鍵的主語部分。同時還要考慮句子的時態和語態。 2. one of +複數名詞做定語從句的先行詞時，定語從句中的謂語動詞與複數名詞一致。 the only one of +複數名詞做定語從句的先行詞時，定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數形式。例句： Jim was one of the boys who were late for class. Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
【典型例題】
[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 分析：帶有as well as 短語的名詞做主語時，謂語動詞與這個名詞的人稱和數一致，不受as well as 短語內容的影響。E-mail是單數形式，故選擇A。
[例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results. A. are B. is C. was D. has been 分析：either…or..連接兩個名詞做主語時，其謂語動詞與離它最近的名詞的數和人稱一致，本題中his friends 決定了謂語動詞的形式，故選擇A。
[例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people. A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. have been greeted 分析：根據句意，主語部分的The conductor and composer 是指一個人即：樂隊指揮兼作曲家， 所以主語的內容是單數形式，故選擇B。
[例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam. —But the colour _____ me. A. fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’t suit D. fit; doesn’t suit 分析：trousers, clothes, glasses,等名詞本身就是複數形式。謂語動詞用複數形式。Colour 是單數，謂語用單數，故選擇D。
[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house. A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was 分析：family指“家庭”爲單數，指“家庭成員”爲複數形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭” 謂語用was. 第二空格後的fond of指“家庭成員喜歡他們的老房子” 謂語爲were，故選擇B。
[例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 分析：當定語從句先行詞是“one of +複數形式”時， 其後的從句謂語動詞用複數形式。而當one之前有the only時，定語從句則強調the only one，謂語動詞用單數。另外，題目中的時間狀語for three years表明從句的時態爲現在完成時，故選擇D。
[例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town. A. has trained B. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained 分析：分數+名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的形式由分數所指的名詞的形式（可數名詞或不可數名詞）決定，police 是集合名詞爲複數形式，根據句子意思，police 與train 爲被動關係，應用被動語態，故選擇D。
短文改錯片段： 1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 分析：本句中主語Now my picture and the prize是複數形式，謂語動詞is應改爲are. 2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. 分析：本句第一行，根據全篇內容的語境，應當是一般現在時，所以謂語動詞talked改爲talk.第二行：根據句意：我們下課後立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger應當與主語we一致，改爲複數形式，strangers. 3. But not all information are good to society. 分析：主語information是不可數名詞，are應改爲is
【模擬試題】
1. —Is there anybody in the classroom ? —No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground. A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone 2. —Are these your sheep ? —No. Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill. A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding 3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy girl with two bright eyes. A. was B. are C. were D. there was 4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week. A. are B. is C. will be D. would be 5. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited. A. is B. has C. are D. have 6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you. A. are B. was C. is D. were 7. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is
【試題答案】
1. C
分析：本題考查的主謂一致的內容與上一題相同，從句子的語境判斷，應當用現在完成時。 2. A
分析：mine指my sheep 爲複數形式。是主動語態。 3. A 分析：本句爲倒裝句。主語是a very shy girl with two bright eyes.核心主語是a very shy girl，爲單數，全句爲過去時。 4. B 分析：全句的核心主語是Mr. Bush，爲單數，全句爲將來時。 5. C 分析：運用就近原則，謂語動詞和主語the students 一致，此處爲主系表結構，用be動詞。 6. C
分析：主語ten minutes表示時間，被視爲一個整體，爲單數形式。全句是現在時。 7. D
分析：本句核心主語是land，爲單數形式，同時注意分數的表達形式。
